R-R-R-R-Review for G-G-G--Genetics (oh hey, I'm Ke$ha)

SO BASICALLY
in class we got some papers passed back and we went over mutations. We also got to ask questions about the test (not really). We didn't have time for the 60 minute video Mrs. Stein planned on having us watch (surprise).

NOW ITS TIME FOR R-R-R-R-R-REVIEW!!!!!

Chapter 12: DNA

What makes up a Nucleotide?
-a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

What are the Nitrogen bases in a Nucleotide?

-Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine.

What is the sugar in a Nucleotide?

-Deoxyribose sugar

What do each Nitrogen base pair to? What type of bond hold them together? Why is that bond weak and not a strong bond?

-Adenine to Thymine, Guanine to Cytosine, and Thymine to Adenine and Cytosine to Guanine. A Hydrogen Bond and it is weak because during replication the DNA polymerase needs to be able to separate the double helix easily.

Summarize the events of DNA replication:

-Strands unwind

-hydrogen bonds break (With help of enzyme DNA polymerase)

-New strand is proofread

-sugar phosphate bonds join nucleotides together

When in a cells life does DNA replicate? Where in the Cell does it replicate?

-During the S phase of interphase and in the Nucleus.

Following DNA replication the molecule results in 1 new strand and one original strand.

Write the complimentary Bases for the following strand of DNA

A- T

T- A

G- C

A- T

C- G

G- C

A- T

T- A

Chapter 13 Review-RNA & Protein Synthesis

Explain how RNA differs from DNA. Name 3 main types of RNA.

-RNA is only one strand, and it does not have Thymine, instead it has Uracil. rRNA, mRNA and tRNA

Describe transcription and editing of RNA.

One strand of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis or mRNA (DNA: TACCAGGTT) ----- (mRNA: AUGGUGGAA)

Also, you have to be able to use the Codon Chart.

Summarize translation: Picture below

Incase you haven't NOTICED, your homework is to study for the test tomorrow. AND YOUR TRIBUNE ARTICLE IS DUE TOMORROW

Have a great day people!

P.S THIS TOOK ME FOREVER AND I HAD ALOT OF HOMEWORK TO DO, SO I WAS NOT VERY HAPPY.

but to end on a good note, TOMORROW IS TECHNICALLY FRIDAY!! YAY!!!!!!!!!!

and the next scribe is.....

Yvette! all you have to write about is our test. (idk if i should've chosen a scribe but whatevs)

Mashni Monday's

REASON FOR TITLE: well they both started with "m" so what the hay, why not.

IN CLASS TODAY: We finished our lab with bacterium and how they grow and antibiotics effect on growth of brothculture of peppercorn bacteria (what a gross name for a bacteria). Anyway, everyone got there plates back after being in an incubator for 24 hours. We wrote down our results and counted the bacteria colonies we found in the dish of various bacteria we collected around the school.

Picture above

My groups results were:

Section 1: Cafeteria 22 bacterial colonies

Section 2: Railing 30 bacterial colonies

Section 3: Toilet No bacterial colonies P.S section 3 and 4might have been switched

Section 4: Control 106 bacterial colonies (maybe even more but there were so many!)

In our next lab, we looked at the effects of antibiotics and how they prevent the growth of bacteria. In our petri dish, we spread the broth culture of peppercorn bacteria, and placed 4 paper disks in sections on the dish. 3 paper disc contain an antibiotic and one without for a control. Each petri dish was placed in an incubator for 24 hours, and we got our disk back to

record the ZONE OF INHIBITION (DunDunDUNNNN) [it sounds evil...]

PICTURE:

Our next step is to measure the ZONE OF INHIBITION. The ZONE OF INHIBITION is the space around the antibiotic that has no bacteria, due to the antibiotic killing it. the bigger the space, the more effective the antibiotic is. Different antibiotics react differently to different bacterium. My groups results were:

Section 1: NB 30 22 mm

Section 2: Penicillin 7 mm

Section 3: C 30 33 mm

Section 4: control 0 mm

In the data collected, it was obvious that the control didn't do anything because it didn't have any bacteria on it. if i had to choose on an antibiotic to kill the broth culture i would choose C 30 because it had the largest ZONE OF INHIBITION so it is more effective.

ALSO: I had a few questions about antibiotics and i was told to wait until tomorrow(today) to ask them.

Numero uno: Are antibiotics alive? if not, then what are they made of?

Numero dos: Are they similar to how virus' work, except they attack bacteria?

Numero tres: How are they put into a capsule? and who invented/found antibiotics?

HOMEWORK:

read 35.2 and first page of 35.3 and do a tree map of the immune system (ON MOODLE)

NOTE: THIS IS THE HARDEST READING OF THE YEAR. MRS. STEIN SUGGEST GOING TO THE TLC FOR HELP.

post cards are due 11/8

OUR NEXT TEST IS IN A WEEK FROM TOMORROW! AND WHEN YOU READ THIS IT WILL BE A WEEK FROM TODAY! [[11/9]]

THE NEXT SCRIBE WILL BE.....

{drum roll please...}

ARIANA NUFIO!!!!!!

have fun, this took me a while.

Serena and Angela OIl Spill Movie

Is Today Thursday?

ABOUT THE TITLE:

I totally think this week went by REALLY quickly, and I was writing the title for Wednesday (whoops) but then I fixed it, and changed it to this. Creative, huh?

BACK TO CLASS:
So in class today we first watched a movie about the populations of the earth, and how the number rose through the years (like, thousands of years.)
Today you had to turn in your narration/bibliography sheet and stamp sheet. (Also if you didn’t finish the table from the notes, you were able to turn it in today.) Then we did some notes

RECAP OF NOTES:
We talked about the human population and Biodiversity. All species on earth are involved in the food web. Also the threats of Biodiversity caused by humans are:
- Habitat destruction
- Hunting
- Pollution
- Invasive Species
- And Global Warming
Pollution
- DDT is a non-biodegradable pesticide (Biodegradable means it can’t be broken down by natural metabolic processes)
-Organisms can’t eliminate DDT from their bodies.
Biological Magnification:
-Pollutant concentration increases higher in food chain.

We were not able to go further into our notes (Due to talking about penguins)
We also watched a video called 60 minutes. It talked about how old computers are shipped to Hong Kong and are being scrapped and recycled, and how the harmful chemicals that they are burning are the most poisonous compounds known to humans.

HOMEWORK:
Skim 5.3 in book, make sure you can understand the main ideas and diagrams before the test on Tuesday. Read page 161 in book, and upload the oil spill movie to the blog BY FRIDAY BEFORE 8:00 AM!!!!!



THERE IS A TEST TUESDAY!!!!!!! (9/28)

Bee Tee Dubs:
I seriously think Mrs. Stein should consider having a class period where we ask random question about science. It would rejuvenate us into actually staying on topic in class. AND I told buffalo wild wings that they have a bison on there logo, not a buffalo. The waiter looked at me like I was stupid. hahahaa